Archive for the ‘depression’ Category

No Job & 5 Kids, Man Wrote It Is “Better To End Our Lives”

Thursday, May 6th, 2010

Los Angeles - In late January 2010, a man fatally shot himself, his wife, and their five young children: Brittney, 8; twins Jaszmin and Jassely, 5; and twins Benjamin and Christian, ages 2 years and 4 months.  Before the killings, Ervin Antonio Lupoe faxed a note to a television station claiming him and his wife were fired from their hospital jobs and planned the killings together, as an escape for the whole family.

Lupoe Family

Lupoe Family

The station called the police after receiving the fax and a police dispatcher received a call from a man stating, “I’ve just returned home and my whole family’s been shot.”   The police believe the man was Ervin. Officers rushed to the home around 8:30 a.m., minutes after the killings, only to smell gun powder lingering in the air.

The fax alleged that Ervin’s wife, Ana Lupoe, helped plan the killings of the family but police Lt. John Romero said Ervin was the suspect; a revolver was found next to his body.  Ana’s body was found in an upstairs bedroom with the bodies of the couple’s twin 2-year-old boys. The bodies of an 8-year-old girl and twin 5-year-old girls were found alongside Ervin Lupoe’s in another bedroom.

Ervin removed three of his children from school a week and a half prior; the school prinicipal said that they were moving to Kansas.  

Kaiser Permanente Medical Center West Los Angeles released a statement confirming both Lupoe and his wife had worked there; both were medical technicians.

The letter indicated that Lupoe and his wife had been under investigation for misrepresenting their employment to an outside agency in order to obtain childcare. Ervin alleged that an administrator told the couple on December 23 that “You should have not even bothered to come to work today, you should have blown your brains out.” The couple complained to human resources and were offered an apology. However, they were fired two days later.

In his fax, Ervin wrote: “ They did nothing to the manager who stated such and did not attempt to assist us in the matter, knowing we have no job and five children under 8 years with no place to go. So here we are.”

In a statement, the hospital said it was  “saddened by the despair in Mr. Lupoe’s letter faxed to the media, but we are confident that no one told him to take his own life or the lives of his family.”

“After a horrendous ordeal, my wife felt it better to end our lives; and why leave our children in someone else’s hands? We have no job and 5 children under 8 years with no place to go. So here we are,” wrote Lupoe.

One news outlet reported Lupoe was $600,000 in debt.

The letter concluded with, “Oh lord, my God. Is there no hope for a widow’s son?”

“Today our worst fear was realized,” said police Deputy Chief Kenneth Garner. “It’s just not a solution. There’s just so many ways you find alternatives to doing something so horrific and drastic as this.”

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 30,000 people kill themselves each year. The CDC notes that there was a job loss or financial hardship present in a significant number of cases.  Researchers say that unemployment alone does not cause suicide, but can act as a stresser.

The loss of a job combined with financial uncertainty, loss of retirement savings, stress of overdue bills or debt, and mortgage or rent payments can leave the individual feeling that suicide is the only way out. For some, this may involve taking one’s family with them.

Several studies have found that suicide and domestic violence increase during unemployment.  A 1998 study in the British Medical Journal found “the link between suicide and unemployment is more powerful that other socio-economic measures.”

Unemployment can become harder to deal with when other stressers, such as losing the family’s house and loss of savings, are present. Economic turmoil may also lead to more frequent abuse and increasingly violent abuse when domestic violence already exists.

Jacquelyn Campbell at John Hopkins University School of Nursing found in 2003 that unemployment is the single strongest predictor in cases where men murder their wives. The study, published in American Journal of Public Health, stated that an abuser’s lack of a job increased the risk of murder.

The abuser’s access to a firearm increased the risk to more than five times, and threats to kill her and threats with a weapon also were strongly associated with homicide after taking the other factors into account.

“In the United States, women are killed by intimate partners more often than by any other type of perpetrator, with the majority of these murders involving prior physical abuse,” said Campbell.

Roughly 90% of people who commit suicide have some form of untreated mental illness which compounds their feelings of hopelessness and depression. Financial problems and job loss can be triggers, especially for men, reported the Association for Suicide Prevention.

“It creates a lot of anxiety,” said Mary Jane Landrock, a social worker at Torrance Memorial Medical Center. “People start feeling hopeless, or that their life is out of control. They feel trapped, like there’s no way out.

“Most people have no idea how much structure going to work provides to your day,” she said. “You go to work, typically where your friends are. Being laid off can be very shameful for people, a lot of anger involved.”

Teenage Suicide Awareness and Prevention Campaign

Thursday, April 1st, 2010

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA)  in coordination with the Ad Council and Inspire USA Foundation recently launched a new Teen Suicide Prevention national public service campaign. This is the first teen suicide prevention campaign from SAMHSA to use a national mass media strategy and a digital outreach program.

The public service announcement campaign is called We Can Help Us and was initially developed after the realization that some teens develop positive solutions to help them overcome rough times; situations that make other teens depressed. The campaign empowers teens by reminding them that there are ways to get through the problems they face. It directs them to visit www.reachout.com to hear stories from other teens who successfully conquered their tough time.

The campaign includes TV, radio, and print advertising. Posters can be seen in the mall, schools, and viral videos. The reachout.com website features stories from teenagers, along with tips to help cope with tough issues. The website also links to resources, like the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline which is an anonymous hotline for teenagers who need immediate help. The public service campaign will be distributed in the national media this week.

Family members may have little to no idea that their son or daughter was battling depression until it is too late. Some depressed teenagers show no symptoms of depression. Suicides are often brought on by triggers. Common triggers include events that create a sense of abandonment for the teenager, such as: relationship break-ups, death of parent or grandparent, parents divorce, and leaving the house to go to college. For a depressed teenager, these events may be too much to cope with and the teen is left feeling as if they are out of options.

If you are a parent and you feel your son or daughter is depressed, here are several warning signs of depression:

  • Loss of interest
  • Isolation
  • Fatigue
  • Neglect; in both personal responsibilities and appearance
  • Memory loss
  • Irritability
  • Anxiety
  • Despair; feelings of hopelessness
  • Guilt
  • School issues such as bullying or harassment

 Nine teenagers in Massachusetts were recently charged with multiple felonies in relation to school related bullying. Two boys and four girls aged 16 to 18 were charged with felonies including statutory rape, violation of civil rights with bodily injury, harassment, stalking, and disturbing a school assembly.  Three younger girls have been charged in juvenile court.

The prosecutor charged that the teenagers excessive harassment caused 15-year-old Phoebe Prince to hang herself in January. The Prince family had recently moved to Massachusetts from Ireland and Phoebe briefly dated a popular senior boy at South Hadley High School. The taunting started during their relationship.

Phoebe Prince

Phoebe Prince

District Attorney Elizabeth D. Schneibel said that Phoebe’s suicide occured after three months of endless taunting and harassment from fellow students. Students allegedly knocked books out of her hand, referred to her as an “Irish slut,” and sent her threatening text messages day after day. Allegedly Phoebe’s picture was scribbled out of a student body photograph hanging on the wall.

“The investigation revealed relentless activities directed toward Phoebe to make it impossible for her to stay at school,” Ms. Scheibel said. The conduct of those charged “far exceeded the limits of normal teenage relationship-related quarrels.”

Sixteen-year-old Ashlee Dunn, a student at South Hadley, did not personally know Prince but had heard stories spread about Phoebe. “She was new and she was from a different country, and she didn’t really know the school very well. I think that’s probably one reason why they chose Phoebe.”

The district attorney also concluded that several teachers, administration, and staff members at the school knew of the harassment but did not try to stop it.  “The actions or in-actions of some adults at the school were troublesome,” Schneibel said.

School officials are planning to meet with the district attorney’s office to review the evidence and “the new information which the district attorney’s office has but did not come to light within the investigation conducted by the school,” said assistant superintendent for South Hadley High School, Christine Swelko.

Since Phoebe Prince’s suicide, Massachusetts legislature is working on an anti-bullying law that would require school staff members to report incidents and for the principals to investigate them. The law would also require schools to teach about the dangers of bullying. Currently, 41 states have varying anti-bullying laws.

The investigation into Miss Prince’s suicide found that on January 14, the date of her death, she was abused by students in the library, lunchroom, and hallways. One student threw a canned drink at her when she walked home. Phoebe’s sister found her at 4:30 P.M in the stairwell, still wearing her school clothes.

While the district attorney said that “the actions of these students were primarily conducted on school grounds during school hours and while school was in session,” students also harassed Phoebe on social networking sites.

With websites like Facebook and Myspace, bullies can use the internet to further harass a classmate outside of school hours, sometimes anonymously. For the bullied child, home is no longer a safe heaven from the taunting of their peers. Facebook users can post a taunting message that can instantly be viewed by the rest of the school. 

Even in death, some teenagers do not escape internet harassment. Dozens of obscene and insulting comments have been posted on Alexis Pilkington’s memorial Facebook group. Alexis was a seventeen-year-old star athlete in Long Island who committed suicide. Her father, New York City police officer Thomas Pilkington said his daughter dealt with insulting comments up to a few days before she died but he does not place the blame on cyber bullying.

Alexis Pilkington

Alexis Pilkington

Research has shown that cyber bullying causes higher levels of depression and anxiety for the victims than traditional bullying, partially due to the anonymity of the internet posters.  

Regardless, comments such as “she was obviously a stupid depressed — who deserved to kill herself. she got what she wanted. be happy for her death. rejoice in it”  have lead to police investigation in attempt of tracking the user’s IP number to figure out who wrote it.

Media coverage of stories like Alexis or Phoebe’s, a celebrity death by suicide, or cluster suicides heightens suicide awareness.

Hopefully SAMHSA’s public service announcement campaign will work effectively and help teenagers acquire the necessary coping skills. Depression is a serious condition but it is treatable. Therapy has shown to be an effective form of treatment;  Apex is always available to help.

Antidepressants

Thursday, February 11th, 2010

Antidepressants are psychiatric medicines used to alleviate mood disorders. Antidepressants work on the brain in a variety of ways, different antidepressants target different areas of the brain  Tricyclic antidepressants were one of the first major antidepressants introduced in the late 1950’s, and were later replaced by selective serotonin reuptake inhitors, or SSRIs. SSRIs  increase the amount of serotonin available to bind to brain’s receptors; Prozac, Zolof, and Paxil are some of today’s most popular SSRI antidepressant drugs.  SNRIs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, such as Effexor and Wellbutrin, work by increasing the levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, which plays a role in one’s mood.  

Lately there has been controversy surrounding the overall success of antidepressants. Some researchers argue that people are being too over-medicated,  that antidepressants are not extremely beneficial in patients with mild depression. The placebo effect refers to a patient taking  a sugar pill and reporting  feeling better, simply because they took a pill they were told would improve their condition. In reality, the patient ingested a sugar pill and it was their change in thought that led their condition to improve.

Patient volunteers are told they will receive either the drug or a placebo, and neither the scientist nor the patient knows who is getting the sugar pill as opposed to the actual drug. Most volunteers want to get the actual drug, and several weeks into the clinical trial users know they are on the real drug when they experience side effects.  Some studies have shown that the worse the side effects, the more effective the patient believes the drug is, heightening expectations.

Newsweek argues that the belief in the power of a medical treatment can be self fulfilling, aka the placebo effect.

However, drug advocates argue that the FDA would not have approved ineffective drugs for millions of people to take. The FDA requires two clinical trials to prove that a drug is more effective than the placebo. In patient-doctor relationships, doctors personally monitor and see the positive effect antidepressants have on a patient’s mental state.

In an analysis of six experiments where depressed patients received a placebo or active drug, the true drug effect (the drug’s effect in addition to the placebo effect) was found to be “nonexistent to negligible” in patients with mild and moderate depression.  In patients with very severe symptoms, there was a statistically significant drug benefit.

Certainly, antidepressants have helped tens of millions of people, and people on antidepressants should not discontinue taking their medication. However, antidepressants may not be the best first choice for patients with mild depression.

Psychotherapy has shown to be extremely effective in treating patients with depression, depression ranging from mild to moderate to severe. For some patients, psychotherapy in addition to antidepressant medication works even better. Each individual experiences depression differently, and psychotherapy is particularly tailored to each person’s individual issues.

In the U.S., many patients with depression are treated by their primary care physicians, not psychiatrists.  If you are experiencing depression or any other mental problem, it is important to see a therapist or psychiatrist over a primary care physician. Therapists are able to truly individualize your treatment, and give your mental health the utmost attention.  Apex Behavioral Health can provide you with psychotherapy and psychiatry. Apex is specialized in mental health, all of our staff is certified and qualified. Please don’t hesitate to seek out a doctor or therapist - depression symptoms can get better.

The Newsweek article can be found here: http://www.newsweek.com/id/232781/page/1

Internet Overuse Link to Depression?

Thursday, February 4th, 2010

British scientists from Leeds University recently finished a study which indicated a link between internet overuse and depression.

The study is based on over a thousand British residents, aged 16-51, who responded to an online questionnaire. Researchers analyzed internet use and depression levels. Participants were asked questions such as “How often do you find you stay online longer than you intend to?”  Researchers classified 18 people, or 1.3%, as addicted to using the internet.

The 18 peopled diagnosed as addicted were compared to 18 non-addicted people of the same age and sex. The addicted people had higher scores on a questionnaire used to diagnose depression. They were also more likely to spend more time browsing sexually gratifying web sites, gaming sites, online gambling, and online communities. The people diagnosed as addicts were more likely to be younger and male.

Catriona Morrison, the study’s lead author, said “There was a high correspondence between the amount of time spent on the internet and levels of depression. If you look at how dependent people feel they are on the internet, that is likely to correspond with how happy or sad they feel.”

Some severe internet users may have already been depressed before they started spending hours online, said Long Island psychologist Jean Cirillio.

“When you go online, you have the illusion of having interacted with someone. The person gets a high and feels better temporarily but there’s a big let down.”

Morrison acknowledges that it is hard to know if the internet causes depression, or if depressed people flock to the internet. 

However, correlation does not imply causation and there were limits to the research. Currently, internet addiction is not a medically defined term. The researchers defined internet addiction as how much time you spend on the internet, to the point where it interferes with your daily activities.  Psychologists do not know if excessive internet use is a symptom of other health problems or a problem in itself.

David Greenfield, founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction in Connecticut, says that the internet is addicting because “it works on a variable  ratio reinforcement schedule,” meaning you  get reinforced every once in awhile.  The variable ratio reinforcement schedule, based on a theory by famed psychologist B.F. Skinner, states that not knowing a reward is coming is more compelling then being able to be count on a reward every time.

“It can be as simple as finding an e-mail you like, hearing from somebody you love, being told a cousin is coming to visit, interspersed among a lot of neutral, less-salient information. You don’t know how desirable that will be or when you’re going to get it,” said Greenfield.

Currently, it is still an argument as to whether or not internet addiction is real. Overusing the internet is certainly a problem for some people, but it is unknown if excessive internet use causes depression, or if depressed people frequent the internet for long periods of time.

The Web may also spur pre-existing addictions, such as online gambling, sex, or shopping by making it readily available.

Signs of depression include:

Feeling sad or low most of the time

Losing interest in things you used to enjoy

Having no energy or feeling really tired

People diagnosed with depression have at least one of these symptoms on most days, for most of the time, for at least two weeks.

If you recognize these symptoms within yourself or someone you know, please don’t hesitate to give us at Apex a call.

reSTART offers an online quiz for  users to take to determine if one is technology addicted. You can find the quiz at:  http://www.netaddictionrecovery.com/the-problem/are-you-addicted.html 

The Effects of Cognitve Behavioral Individual Therapy on Anxiety, Depression, & Cancer Coping Skills in Women Initially Diagnosed w/ Cancer

Thursday, February 4th, 2010

Written by: Huda Zenati, Ph.D., LMSW in August 2009, as advised by Dr. Arnold B. Coven, a counseling major in the Doctor of Philosophy.

Abstract

Cancer patients undergo an enormous amount of psychological stress that begins at the diagnosis and continues during treatment, or even until remission. The stress, anxiety, and depression levels are especially high during diagnosis and the following one-year period.

Cognitive behavior therapy has been shown to be effective in decreasing the severity of anxiety in patients who suffer from anxiety disorders, leading to long-term benefits such as better coping skills.  

Procedures

The pupose of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive behavioral short-term individual therapy in women newly diagnosed with various cancers.  Ten women with various types of cancers were referred from physicials who practiced in a large metropolitan area. Each woman who  qualified for the criteria of the study was randomly assigned to the experimental or wait-list control group. The experimental group was treated with cognitive behavior therapy time-limited individual therapy sessions while the wait-list control group underwent no treatment. The criterion instruemtns were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD, Zigmon& Snaith, 1983) and Cancer Coping Questionnaire (CCQ, Moorey, Frampton & Greer, 2003).

After completing two sessions, the five participants in the experimental group received two follow-up phone calls which encouraged participants to use the coping strategies. After the third intervention sessions, the criterion instruments were re-administed to the experimental group to detrmine the treatment effects on the dependant variables, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies.

The five participants assigned to the wait-list control group did not recieve any treatment.  The researcher met with each participant assigned to the wait-list congrol group to obtain the signed informed consent form, demographic form, and criterion instruments. The instruments were re-administered at the end of the 4th week by telephone, in person, or return mail.

Results

The statistical power consideration based on the sample size limitation  (n=5 per group) required implementing nonparametric exact tests (Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon W tests) rather than asymptotic parametric tests. The findings supported all three research hypotheses. A statistically significant decrease in anxiety and depression symptoms, along with an increase in cancer coping skills, were found in women initially diagnosed  with cancer receiving treatment when compared to the participants who received no treatment.

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